Artificial intelligence
Artificial intelligence (AI) is the ability of a digital computer or robot controlled by a computer to do tasks usually connected with intelligent beings (humans). Scholars commonly use the term artificial intelligence to apply to the project of developing systems provided with the intellectual processes typical for humans. For example, the ability to think, recognize meaning or learn from experience. Since the invitation of digital computers, inventors have demonstrated that computers could be programmed to deal with complex tasks with excellent proficiency [Britannica Online Encyclopedia].
Artificial intelligence (AI) can be defined as the field of computer-aided learning dealing with the automation of intelligent behavior [Luger, p. 1].
Artificial Intelligence is a branch of computer science concerned with intelligent behavior in artifacts. Intelligent behavior includes reasoning, learning, communicating, perception, and acting under challenging environments. Al has as one of its aims is the development of machines that will do the things as humans can. Another aim of Al is to understand this behavior, whether it occurs in machines, humans, or other animals. Hence, Al has two aims – engineering and scientific [Nilsson, p. 1-2].
Artificial intelligence is the branch that investigates the synthesis and analysis of computational agents acting intelligently. An agent is something that acts in an environment, something, or someone that does something.
For example, worms, dogs, thermostats, aeroplanes, robots, humans, companies, and countries.
We are interested in what and how an agent acts. We judge it by its actions.
An agent acts intelligently when [Poole, p. 3-4]:
its acting is appropriate for its circumstances and its aims
it is flexible to change environments and aims
it learns from the experience
it makes the right choices considering its perceptual and computational limitations. An agent usually can't observe the world directly; it has only limited memory and limited time to act.
⠀ Artificial intelligence. Britannica Online Encyclopedia. Retrieved from: [https://www.britannica.com/technology/artificial-intelligence].
⠀ Luger George, Stubblefield William (2004). Artificial Intelligence: Structures and Strategies for Complex Problem Solving. London: Pearson Education.
⠀ Nilsson Nils (1998). Artificial Intelligence: A New Synthesis. Burlington, Massachusetts: Morgan Kaufmann Publishers.
⠀ Poole David, Mackworth Alan (2017). Artificial Intelligence: Foundations of Computational Agents. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.