Speech act theory
Speech act theory is a sub-branch of pragmatics studying how words are used to carry out actions, not only introduce the information.
This theory was established by philosophers J.L. Austin and J.R. Searle. It concerns the degree to which utterance carries out locutionary, illocutionary, or perlocutionary acts. Many scientists study speech act theory to understand human communication better [ThoughtCo].
The theory of speech acts is the theory of meaning, holding that the meaning of linguistic utterances can be explained concerning the rules regulating their application in carrying out different speech acts (for example, admonishing, asserting, commanding, exclaiming, promising, questioning, requesting, warning) [Britannica Online Encyclopedia].
Speech act theory is that language holds meaning except for explaining the used words. Language is a device to carry out different functions called speech acts. Speech act theory urges that the meaning of words we say is affected by the type of speech, the structure of the expression, and its context.
A speech act is any expression that has a function in communication. In a speech act, words are used to do something, not just to say something.
Assertiveness. Assertive statements provide information, form a conclusion, or express the speaker's belief.
Directives. Directives are attempting to arouse someone else to do something. For example, commands, requests, invitations, etc.
Commissives. Commissions are words that commit the speaker to action in the future, such as making a promise or an offer.
Expressives. Expressives express a feeling or emotion.
Declarations. Declarations make a change in the world or arouse something to happen [Study.com].
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