Synchrony
Synchrony (from Greek means ‘simultaneity’) is the condition of the system of linguistic elements at a particular point in time. The concept of a moment in defining the condition of synchrony can be explained in different ways: on the one hand as a particular epoch, a specific historical period, and on the other hand, a moment, an instant point in time, where any interference of time is rejected [Jabborova, p. 1088].
In the early 20th century, the famous Saussure's distinction between synchrony and diachrony was performed. The synchronic approach focuses on the language at a particular moment and describes it as It is at that moment. This is not necessary for the present moment: we can form a description of present-day English or Old English. Either way, we are not interested in how the language of that moment differs from the same language at any earlier or later moment – it is a sphere of diachronic approach [Trask, p. 201].
Synchrony is the study of how language's parts unite to form words and phrases and how proper syntax gives a sentence meaning. For example, research on “dead” languages is synchronic because, by definition, they are no longer spoken and evolving. Instead, they are frozen in time [ThoughtCo].
⠀ Jabborova, Dilafruz Ismatullo Kizi. (2021). Synchrony and Diachrony in Linguistics. Oriental renaissance: Innovative, educational, natural and social sciences. Uzbekistan: ООО «Oriental renessans».
⠀ Trask R.L. (1999). Key Concepts in Language and Linguistics. London: Routledge.