Thermal Conduction

1. Thermal conduction is the transfer of internal energy by microscopic collisions of particles and movement of electrons within a body.
2. Thermal conduction, also called heat conduction, occurs within a body or between two bodies in contact without the involvement of mass flow and mixing.

Thermal conductivity is attributed to the exchange of energy between adjacent molecules and electrons in the conducting medium. The rate of heat flow in a rod of material is proportional to the cross-sectional area of the rod and to the temperature difference between the ends and inversely proportional to the length; that is the rate H equals the ratio of the cross section A of the rod to its length l, multiplied by the temperature difference (T2 − T1) and by the thermal conductivity of the material, designated by the constant k. This empirical relation is expressed as: H = −k(A/l)(T2 − T1). The minus sign arises because heat flows always from higher to lower temperature.

Sources:

Mini Physics https://www.miniphysics.com/

What is Thermal Conduction – Heat Conduction – Definition // Thermal-Engineering https://www.thermal-engineering.org/what-is-thermal-conduction-heat-conduction-definition/

Britannica https://www.britannica.com/science/