Dispersion

1. Dispersion is the separation of white light into colours or of any radiation according to wavelength.
2. Dispersion is the optical phenomenon that creates rainbows from prisms.

Dispersion, in wave motion, any phenomenon associated with the propagation of individual waves at speeds that depend on their wavelengths. Ocean waves, for example, move at speeds proportional to the square root of their wavelengths; these speeds vary from a few feet per second for ripples to hundreds of miles per hour for tsunamis. A wave of light has a speed in a transparent medium that varies inversely with the index of refraction (a measure of the angle by which the direction of a wave is changed as it moves from one medium into another). Any transparent medium – e.g., a glass prism – will cause an incident parallel beam of light to fan out according to the refractive index of the glass for each of the component wavelengths, or colours. Dispersion is sometimes called the separation of light into colours, an effect more properly called angular dispersion.

Sources:

Словник Webster's Dictionary https://www.merriam-webster.com/

YourDictionary https://www.yourdictionary.com/

Encyclopedia Titanica https://uk.encyclopedia-titanica.com/