Grammar
A grammar of a language describes the principles or rules governing the form and meaning of words, phrases, clauses, and sentences [Huddleston, 3].
Grammar is a central term in linguistics, but one which covers a wide range of phenomena, being used both in mass nouns and count noun senses. Several types of grammar can be distinguished.
1. A descriptive grammar - a systematic description of a language as found in a sample of speech or writing.
2. A theoretical grammar goes beyond the study of individual languages, using linguistic data as a means of developing theoretical insights into the nature of language as such, and into the categories and processes needed for successful linguistic analysis.
3. Comparative grammar compares the forms of languages (or states of a language) and relies on a combination of theoretical and descriptive methods.
4. Traditional grammar is a summarizing range of attitudes and methods found in the prelinguistic era of grammatical study. It is usually used with a critical (‘non-scientific’) implication, despite the fact that many antecedents of modern linguistics can be found in early grammar [Crystal, 217-218].
Grammar is defined as rules of a language governing the sounds, words, sentences, and other elements, as well as their combination and interpretation [3].
There are also seven more types of grammar:
1. Case grammar (studies links between a verb's contextual requirements).
2. Cognitive grammar (emphasizes symbolic and semantic definitions of theoretical concepts).
3. Construction grammar (rejects the assumption of compositionality and conceptualizes meaning as determined by the construction itself).
4. Generative grammar (regards linguistics as the study of a hypothesised innate grammatical structure).
5. Lexical-functional grammar (examines which different types of linguistic information are represented in separate dimensions)
6. Mental grammar (the system that all speakers of a language have in their minds, which allows them to understand each other).
7. Transformational grammar (type of syntactic rule that can move an element from one position to another)
⠀ 1. Rodney Huddleston, Geoffrey K. Pullum. (2002). The Cambridge Grammar of the English Language. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
⠀ 2. David Crystal. (2008). A Dictionary of Linguistics and Phonetics, 6th Edition. New-Jersey: Wiley-Blackwell.
⠀ 3. Retrieved from: Britannica Online Dictionary [https://www.britannica.com/topic/grammar].
⠀ 4. Rettrieved from: ThoughtCo [https://www.thoughtco.com/what-is-grammar-1690909].