Psychological risk
In psychology, risk is understood as an action (or behavior) directed toward a specific goal, the achievement of which is associated with danger, threat, injury, or failure. Accordingly, non-risky action (or behavior) is considered more deliberate and cautious, not associated with the threat of failure or defeat; it is perceived as more reliable and safer, although in reality this is not always the case.
Risk represents a situation of choice between two acceptable courses of action: one that is less attractive but more reliable, and another that is more attractive but less reliable, that is, one whose outcome is uncertain and associated with possible adverse consequences, where failure entails loss (such as physical danger, pain, or social sanctions). Risk may also involve choosing a course of action that goes against instructions, regulations, or rigid rules. Moreover, if deviation from prescribed norms leads to a positive outcome or success in activity, such behavior may be evaluated not merely positively, but even very highly.
Корнієнко, І. (2020). Ризик як елемент життєвого простору особистості: теоретичний контекст. Психологія: реальність і перспективи. Retrieved from: https://prap.rv.ua/index.php/prap_rv/article/view/201/200