Cognitive biases
Cognitive biases are systematic patterns of deviation from rational judgment, where individuals process information in ways that lead to distorted perceptions or decisions. These biases often arise from the brain’s reliance on mental shortcuts (heuristics) to quickly analyze information, especially in complex or uncertain situations. While they can sometimes help in rapid decision-making, cognitive biases often result in errors that influence thoughts, behavior, and social interactions.
Features:
a) Cognitive biases allow individuals to process vast amounts of information quickly but can lead to oversimplifications or flawed conclusions.
b) Examples include confirmation bias (the tendency to seek or favor information that supports preexisting beliefs) and the halo effect (where one positive trait shapes an overall favorable perception of a person or situation).
c) These biases can both enhance efficiency in decision-making and distort reality, leading to misunderstandings, poor choices, or unfair judgments.
d) Recognizing cognitive biases enables individuals to minimize their effects, fostering more rational thinking, improved decision-making, and balanced perspectives.
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