Attachment disorders in children
— Attachment disorders in children are mental health conditions that arise when a child experiences difficulties forming secure emotional bonds with caregivers. These disorders often result from early experiences of neglect, abuse, or inconsistent caregiving, leading to challenges in establishing trust and healthy relationships later in life.
One primary attachment disorder is Reactive Attachment Disorder (RAD), characterized by inhibited and emotionally withdrawn behavior. Children with RAD typically do not seek comfort when distressed and show minimal response to comfort when it is provided. They may also exhibit a limited range of positive emotions and unexplained irritability, sadness, or fearfulness during interactions with caregivers.
Another related condition is Disinhibited Social Engagement Disorder (DSED), where children display overly familiar behavior with unfamiliar adults, violating social boundaries. This can include a lack of hesitation in approaching strangers and an inappropriate willingness to engage in physical affection with unknown individuals.
Research indicates that children in foster care or those adopted from care are at a higher risk of developing attachment difficulties and disorders. These challenges can increase the likelihood of mental health conditions and poor emotional regulation. General practitioners play a crucial role in managing this risk by working with multidisciplinary teams and facilitating referrals to specialized care when necessary.
Early intervention is essential for addressing attachment disorders. Therapeutic approaches often focus on creating a stable and nurturing environment, fostering positive interactions between the child and caregiver, and addressing any underlying emotional or behavioral issues. Building a secure attachment can significantly improve a child's social, emotional, and cognitive development.
Minnis, H., Macmillan, S., Pritchett, R., Young, D., Wallace, B., Butcher, J., & Gillberg, C. 04 November 2020. Reactive attachment disorder and disinhibited social engagement disorder in adopted and fostered children: Prevalence, characteristics, and cor 2-4
Woolgar, M., & Scott, S. (09 December 2013). The importance of comprehensive formulations in diagnosing attachment disorders: Evidence from a clinical sample. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 55(5), 533-541. Retrieved from https://shorturl.at/G 533-541