Firmware
In computing, firmware is a specific class of computer software that provides the low-level control for a device's specific hardware. Firmware, such as the BIOS (Basic Input/Output System) of a personal computer, may contain basic functions of a device, and may provide hardware abstraction services to higher-level software such as operating systems. For less complex devices, firmware may act as the device's complete operating system, performing all control, monitoring and data manipulation functions. Typical examples of devices containing firmware are embedded systems (running embedded software), home and personal-use appliances, computers, and computer peripherals.
Firmware. (2024). Cambridge Dictionary. Retrieved from https://bit.ly/3SgfzE0
Ganssle, J., Barr, M. (2003). Embedded Systems Dictionary. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.