Entrenchment
Entrenchment - the physical process of digging a trench, a field fortification structure that serves as a firing position and a simple shelter for manpower and military equipment from all modern means of defeat; it significantly weakens the penetrating radiation, reduces the radius of damage of the shock wave and light radiation of weapons of mass destruction.[Bidwell S, Graham, D.]
There are single and group trenches: for detachments, machine guns, mortars, cannons, tanks, and others. A single trench (a small trench) is usually dug by a soldier under enemy fire with a small shovel and of such dimensions as to ensure complete concealment of a person in the trench in a lying position (depth 20-30 cm, length 150-170 cm). In the future, this trench is deepened to the profile for shooting from the knee, and then for shooting while standing (110-150 cm deep). Individual trenches are connected to each other by a trench and the trench is separated. At the same time, each soldier digs a trench to connect with the nearest trench in the direction to his right.
A trench for a detachment consists of a moat (trench) with a breastwork and rear traverse, cells for 1-2 men, platforms for a hand machine gun, simple shelters for personnel, niches for ammunition, etc. The distance along the front between the pinned cells is 6-8 m, and the total length reaches 50-60 m. The detachment trench is the position of the detachment in defense.[Шмиг Р., Боярчук М., Добрянський В., Барабаш В.]
Bidwell S, Graham, D. (2004). Fire-power – The British Army Weapons and Theory of War 1904–1945. London: Pen & Sword Books.
Шмиг Р., Боярчук М., Добрянський В., Барабаш В. (2010). Термінологічний словник з будівництва та архітектури. Львів: Львівська політехніка.